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Tan Do, Chien rice species restoring. Cultural value storage and conservation – The spirit of Thai people, Thuan Chau district

Nowadays, in Thuan Chau district, many indigenous rice varieties have been planted every year such as Nep Chien, Tan Lanh (Tan Do), Tan Bong, Tan Hin, Tan Nhe, Tan Vang......However, local varieties are low-yield so most of the people in 4 project communes transfer to plant high-yield hybrid rice. This will help them in the short term have more rice to eat, not be pressured in choosing varieties to avoid pests and diseases, but in the long run, it will cause multiple strains of seed sources, which depends on seed suppliers as well as potential loss of native rice varieties in the future. In addition, the specific climatic conditions of the Northwest highlands have also caused the breed degradation to occur very quickly when people cultivate too many hybrid rice varieties, pure hybrid rice, and a few indigenous varieties that lead to an increase in pests and diseases, and a decrease in the quality of rice. Some rice varieties have only undergone 4 to 5 crops before degrading, yield and quality have been significantly reduced.

Over the years, indigenous glutinous rice varieties have formed traits that are adapted to local adverse weather conditions such as drought tolerance, cold tolerance, adaptation to the soil, soil, or good tolerance. with some organisms harmful to rice… However, because these sticky rice varieties are characterized as photosensitive rice varieties, they can only be grown in the crop in a year, and the total annual output is lower than other rice varieties, so people People only plant in a small area, save rice for holidays, New Year's Day, special occasions of the year, but have not focused on farming in the direction of commodity trading, converting the economic value to improve income. imported like other new rice varieties. Moreover, during the harvesting process, the selection of seeds for seeding and the preservation of rice varieties was sketchy, leading to confusion, and the seeds were naturally hybridized, which lost the preeminent characteristics of sticky rice varieties.

In Bien village, Nam Lau commune, and Ta Khoang village, Chieng Pha commune, Thuan Chau district, people primarily plant rice, which is based on traditional experience, unequally fertilize between inorganic and organic fertilizer and apply improper growth stage of rice, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This leads to to the hardening of the soil, the destruction of the microflora in the soil, the proliferation of harmful organisms, and the serious reduction of biodiversity in the field's ecosystem, adversely affecting the environment. to natural enemies and beneficial organisms, the level of drug resistance of harmful organisms increases and the outbreak of pests, pollution of soil, water, and air directly increases the impacts of climate change on the life of farmers in the area.

The most sustainable and proactive solution in protecting the environment and reducing the impact of climate change currently is the application of Integrated Pest Management Strategy (IPM), which attaches importance to the use of Plant varieties as a factor of resistance to pests and diseases, apply technical measures, cultivate healthy plants, protect ecosystems and natural enemies, use a lot of organic fertilizers, only use plant protection drugs when need., and priority to use biological and herbal production to replace chemical pesticides.

In response to the requirements of local production practices, the restoration of local specialty sticky rice varieties with high quality, pest resistance, adaptation to the weather conditions, and local farming habits in order to meet the demand for high-quality rice increasing more and more highly, improving income for farmers. A proactive seed source is very necessary. The Cantre for Sustainable Rural Development (SRD) in cooperation with the Sub-Department of Cultivation and Plant Protection of Son La province and the People’s Committee of Thuan Chau district has conducted experiments to restore 2 rice varieties: Chien sticky rice (Bien village, Nam Lau commune, and Tan Do sticky rice variety (Ta Khoang village, Chieng Pha commune) in order to preserve and develop indigenous sticky rice varieties, ensure food security, and respond to climate change. These are 02 varieties of glutinous rice with exceptionally fragrant and flexible rice quality.

The training course for farmers combined with the demonstration model on « Restoring local sticky rice varieties » and adapting rice farming to climate change in the 2021 crop season in the framework of the project  Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in the agricultural and forestry sector of the north-western highlands, which was implemented from July 2021 to November 2021. Attending the course were 60 participants who are farmers from Bien village, Nam Lau commune, and Ta Khoang village, Chieng Pha commune, Thuan Chau district. 100% of the participants are of Thai ethnicity. The course is practiced right at the demonstration model field. After each topic on theory, practice steps are taken to systematize knowledge and help students manipulate proficiently, and train students to be serious. The trainees were instructed to monitor agro-biological characteristics from the seedling stage, rice transplanting to the beginning of tillering, planting stakes, continuing to observe, monitor and de-mist until harvest.

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Teacher and learners are planting rice in Tan Do rice restoring model

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The teacher is guiding learners to select rice plants with purebred characteristics and mark stakes

At the end of 2021, the result of restoring the Chien and Tan Do sticky rice varieties have obtained the results of step 1 (The year of selection of the first variety to create the G1 generation). The implementation team has selected 150 rice plants in each model field with similar and similar characteristics, similar to those of Nep Chien and Tan red sticky rice varieties to collect seeds and continue to transplant them into the 2022 crop. The implementation team will continue to evaluate and select the G1 generation by re-implementing the same experimental process as the 2021 crop with relatives of the project.

In parallel with learning experiments on rice varieties at the training sessions, farmers were also guided on techniques of rice transplanting adaptation to climate change (CAR) such as: transplanting pure rice/indigenous rice, transplanting sparsely. , transplanting a few stalks (1-2 stalks), applying organic fertilizers, fertilizing in essential periods, managing pests and diseases to help the rice plants grow sustainably, reducing damage caused by pests and diseases. and increase the yield and quality of rice grains and contribute to stabilizing the food security of the village. When applying this method, farmers are only allowed to use organic fertilizers to fertilize rice through the growth stages of rice plants, use pesticides of environmentally friendly biological origin, and focus on farming methods. , regulate water appropriately according to the growth and development stage of rice to help healthy rice plants, enhance the resistance of rice plants to pests and diseases, to adverse weather conditions and adapt to climate change since then. reduce investment costs in agricultural inputs for farmers, reduce emissions in agricultural production, protect the surrounding environment, and protect natural enemies in the fields. This is a sustainable production method that plays an important role in protecting the environment and helping people to increase their adaptability to extreme weather events caused by climate change. The applied technical solutions both bring high economic efficiency to farmers and also have the effect of increasing beneficial microorganisms in the soil, helping to improve the soil and protect the ecological environment of the fields. increase the number of natural enemies), long-term environmental protection.

The trainees are aware of the benefits of the program such as reducing input costs by 60 - 80% of seeds, 10 - 20% of fertilizers; the number of times of using pesticides is reduced; making full use of rice straw in production, reducing emissions into the environment, protect human health, etc. Through the training courses with this demonstration model, groups of trainees were able to actively apply it. in their families, share and confidently encourage other households in the village to apply the CAR rice transplanting technique in the next crops. For 60 households participating in the rehabilitation training course, more than 30 households pledged to return to cultivating Tan sticky rice from 2022 (before the training, only less than 10 households transplanted Tan rice varieties).

For detailed information on models and results, please click the following links:

Báo cáo kết quả phục tráng lúa vụ 1 xã Chiềng Pha 

Báo cáo kết quả phục tráng lúa vụ 1 xã Nậm Lầu 

Báo cáo tổng kết phục tráng lúa vụ 1 xã Chiềng Pha

Báo cáo tổng kết phục tráng lúa vụ 1 xã Nậm Lầu 

Some examples: 

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Leaders of SRD and leaders of Sub-Department of Plant Protection and Protection attended the field workshop at Bien village, Nam Lau commune

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Delegates and students discuss the model field of Ta Khoang village, Chieng Pha commune

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Delegates discussed more discovered indigenous sticky rice varieties at the field of the restoration mode

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Tan Do rice variety with many purebred characteristics (2 photos on the left-hand side) and two mixed sticky rice varieties in a restored model field

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Ms. Vu Thi Bich Hop - Executive Director of SRD attended and shared at the workshop

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Chairman of the People's Committee of Chieng Pha Commune attended and spoke at the workshop on rice restoration model

 

 

 

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